Evans Blue Stain (2%) 伊文思藍(lán)染色液（2%）

產(chǎn)品信息

產(chǎn)品描述

伊文思藍(lán)（Evans Blue，CAS NO：314-13-6），也稱(chēng)作埃文斯藍(lán)，是一種非膜滲透性的染料。當(dāng)質(zhì)膜受損，染料能進(jìn)入細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核，從而將其染成藍(lán)色，可用來(lái)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力。伊文思藍(lán)還能用來(lái)研究血腦屏障（BBB）滲透性，通過(guò)與白蛋白結(jié)合來(lái)指示血腦屏障穿透蛋白能力。正常情況下，血漿白蛋白不能透過(guò)血腦屏障，所以染色后具完整血腦屏障的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)不著色，而完整性被破壞的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)會(huì)著色。

本品為2%的伊文思藍(lán)染色液，根據(jù)具體用途直接使用或簡(jiǎn)單稀釋后再使用。

保存與運(yùn)輸方法

保存：2-8℃避光保存，1年有效。

運(yùn)輸：室溫運(yùn)輸。

使用方法

根據(jù)具體實(shí)驗(yàn)用途，直接用伊文思藍(lán)染色液（2%）或?qū)⑵溆?/span>PBS稀釋到伊文思藍(lán)染色液（0.5%）再使用。

以下染色步驟以伊文思藍(lán)染色液（0.5%）為例，僅做參考。

一、血腦屏障通透性

一.1 取處理后的動(dòng)物（以小鼠為例），經(jīng)尾靜脈或股靜脈按照2~3ml/kg體重的比例注射伊文思藍(lán)染色液（0.5%） 數(shù)s至1min內(nèi)，小鼠眼睛、皮膚出現(xiàn)藍(lán)色。0.5～1h 后處死小鼠，取出目的腦組織。【注意】：伊文思藍(lán)染色液的注射用量需要根據(jù)動(dòng)物類(lèi)型以及體重來(lái)決定。

一.2 將腦組織置于 1.5ml 離心管中，加入 1ml PBS，迅速用組織勻漿器將腦組織制成勻漿，4℃ 1000g離心15min。

一.3 取上清，加入等量三氯*-乙酸，4℃孵育18~24h。該步驟亦可采用如下操作：取上清，按上清：丙酮=3:7比例加入丙酮，室溫孵育24h。

一.4 4℃ 1000g離心20~30min（或2000g離心15min）。

一.5 取上述溶液1~2ml，用分光光度計(jì)測(cè) 620 nm下的OD值。同時(shí)測(cè)定已知不同梯度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)伊文思藍(lán)的OD值，繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算出待測(cè)樣品的伊文思藍(lán)含量。

二、細(xì)胞活力鑒定

2.1 取 100μl 重懸細(xì)胞到常規(guī)離心管內(nèi)，加入100μl 伊文思藍(lán)染色液（0.5%）輕輕混勻，染色3min(染色時(shí)間可適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)，但不宜超過(guò) 10min)。

2.2吸取少量經(jīng)過(guò)染色后的細(xì)胞，用血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)板計(jì)數(shù)。通常如果要比較精確地進(jìn)行定量，每個(gè)細(xì)胞樣品至少數(shù)500個(gè)細(xì)胞，數(shù)出藍(lán)色細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞總數(shù)。

三、種子染色

3.1 用刀片做橫切和沿種胚中央準(zhǔn)確縱切，入染色液染色3~5min。

3.2 蒸餾水中浸泡20~60min，視脫色程度而定。

注意事項(xiàng)

1） 伊文思藍(lán)對(duì)人體有輕微毒性，操作過(guò)程中請(qǐng)注意防護(hù)。

2） 細(xì)胞染色時(shí)，需注意凋亡小體偶爾也有拒染現(xiàn)象。

3） 建議用低溫冷凍離心機(jī)進(jìn)行離心。

4） 為了您的安全和健康，請(qǐng)穿實(shí)驗(yàn)服并戴一次性手套操作。

相關(guān)產(chǎn)品

文獻(xiàn)示例（An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse，Ref：PMID: 30272649）

This method uses FVBN adult mice, aged 16 - 20 weeks, found to be optimal for the purposes of this study. Day 1 includes steps 1 - 5 and Day 2 includes steps 6 - 7 (Figure 1).

1. Equipment Preparation

1. Secure an adequate supply of sterile, disposable syringes and needles, if ketamine/xylazine is used as the anesthetic (as recommended). If isoflurane is used as the anesthetic, check the oxygen tank and the fluid level of isoflurane to make sure there are adequate supplies for the experiment before starting. Also, assemble the nosecone breathing circuits and attach them to the induction box; attach new charcoal canisters to the breathing circuits. Prepare the induction box by turning on the oxygen and ascertaining that the second stage reads approximately 50 psi.

2. Turn on the heating pad to 37 °C.

3. Prepare the rectal temperature probe for the surgery.

2. Mouse Preparation

This step includes anesthesia, hair removal, and positioning (adult FVBN mice-age 16 - 20 weeks).

1. Weigh the mice and record the weights.

2. Anesthetize the mice.

1. Administer ketamine and xylazine IP (80 - 100 mg/kg and 7.5 - 16 mg/kg, respectively). However, it is recommended to begin with lower doses of ketamine and xylazine (about 30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively).

2. Maintain the anesthesia with about 0.1 - 0.25 times initial doses of ketamine/xylazine throughout the surgery. Ketamine and xylazine were the anesthetic agent(s) of choice in this particular study, as more reproducibility and survivability were observed. The anesthetic agent(s) of choice in other studies may be found to be different.  If isoflurane is used, put the mouse in an induction chamber and turn on isoflurane to 5% until the mouse loses full consciousness. Then use a nasal nosecone set at 1.5 - 2.5% isoflurane throughout the remainder of the procedure.

3. Monitor the mice every 2 - 3 min by toe pinch to check for appropriate depth of anesthesia.

4. Shave the ventral neck area of the mouse.

5. Place the mouse in a supine position on the preheated pad. Secure the paws and feet of the mouse to the surgical surface with tape.

6. Place artificial tear ointment onto the eyes to prevent drying out during surgery.

3. Surgical Details

1. Make a 1 cm incision in the right ventral neck over the jugular vein.

2. Apply one or two drops of lidocaine (1 - 2%) into the incision area for pain management and to promote vasodilation. Wait 2 min. for the lidocaine to take effect.

3. Expose and isolate the right internal jugular vein via blunt dissection. Tie the vein off with 4-0 suture and gently retract the rostral end of the vessel with a hemostat. Cut a hole, using fine scissors, about 3 mm below or caudal to the tie, approximately halfway through the diameter of the vein.

4. Mark a PV-1 polyvinyl catheter 1.5 cm from the end and insert it into the jugular vein through the hole using a vessel dilator, and thread the catheter towards the caudal end of the vessel, approximately 1.5 cm.

5. Tie the catheter securely within the caudal part of the vessel (below the cut), with 4-0 silk. Tie the rostral part of the vessel to the outside of the catheter with the loose ends of the suture which was used to tie off the rostral jugular vein, in step 3.3.

6. Tack the skin loosely back together around the catheter with 4-0 silk to help prevent loss of body heat and desiccation of tissues.

7. Connect the catheter to a syringe containing heparinized saline (10 U/mL) and flush the catheter.

4. Injections

1. Inject the Evans blue solution (50 μL of a 30 mg/mL solution in 0.9% normal, unheparinized saline, or approximately 50 mg/kg) into the jugular vein catheter, followed by a small volume of heparinized saline to flush the line.

2. 2 min later, inject substance P (100 μL of a 0.3 μM solution in 0.9% normal, unheparinized saline, or 1 nmol/kg), followed by a small volume of heparinized saline to flush the line. Substance P augments the extravasation of plasma proteins through the endothelial layer; in this protocol, it routinely induces an augmentation of plasma extravasation values of approximately 1.5-fold, making plasma extravasation values easier to measure.

3. Wait 18 min after the substance P is injected. During this time, the Evans blue dye will equilibrate and circulate.

4. Terminate the experiment 18 min after the injection of substance P (20 min after Evans blue injection) by sacrificing the mouse with cervical dislocation. It is likely that the mouse can be directly cervically dislocated, without first giving an overdose of anesthetic, as the mouse is probably still well-anesthetized from the surgery. However, if it is necessary, an overdose of the anesthetics ketamine/xylazine, isoflurane, or pentobarbital may be given, followed by cervical dislocation.

5. Isolation of Organs

1. Cut open the chest cavity of the mouse and gravity-perfuse (from a height of about 51 cm or 20") the heart and blood vessels with 50 mL of 50 mM sodium citrate, pH 3.5. pH 3.5 presumably preserves Evans blue binding to albumin.

2. Excise 1 - 5 relevant organs (tissues) with a dissecting scalpel (e.g. urinary bladder, kidney, stomach, liver, pancreas, proximal or distal colon, ileum, duodenum, flank skin, ears, tail, heart, and/or lungs) and remove any residual contents, if present.

3. Rinse the organs in room temperature (RT) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 1.44 g of Na₂HPO4, 0.24 g of KH₂PO4, 8.0 g of NaCl, and 0.20 g of KCl in 1 L, pH 7.4).

4. Blot the organs with tissue, cut each organ in half, and weigh each half (wet weights, in g).

5. Dry one half of the tissue in a drying oven at 150 °C, on foil, for 48 h.

6. Place the other tissue half in a consistent volume (up to 200 µL) of formamide in a microfuge tube for 48 h (and up to 72 h) to extract the Evans blue.

6. Measurement of Tissue OD

1. Remove 50 µL of Evans blue-infused formamide (after 48 - 72 h RT incubation) from the microfuge tube and place into one well of a 96-well polystyrene plate. Be careful not to transfer tissue pieces along with the formamide.

2. Place 50 µL of new, pure formamide into each of two empty wells of the 96-well plate for the blanks.

3. Measure and record the OD₆₂₀ of each well of the 96-well plate on an absorbance plate reader. 620 nm is the absorbance max of Evans blue.

7. Calculation of Plasma Extravasation

1. Weigh the dry tissue half which has been in the oven for 48 h.

2. Calculate the wet weight/dry weight ratio for the specific organ of interest from each individual mouse, starting with the wet weight of this tissue half (obtained in step 5.4), divided by the dry weight of this same tissue half (obtained in step 7.1).

3. Calculate the dry weight (in g) of the tissue half in formamide by dividing the wet weight of the tissue half before it was placed in formamide (obtained in step 5.4) by the wet: dry weight ratio for the specific organ of interest (calculated in step 7.2).

4. Calculate the corrected OD₆₂₀ values. Starting with the OD₆₂₀ value from each experimental well of the 96-well plate (containing Evans blue-infused formamide from each tissue, obtained in step 6.3), subtract the blank well OD₆₂₀ value (the mean OD₆₂₀ value of the two wells containing pure formamide, prepared in step 6.2, OD₆₂₀ values obtained in step 6.3) from each experimental value.

5. Calculate the plasma extravasation value by dividing the corrected OD₆₂₀ (calculated in step 7.4) by the dry weight of the tissue half in formamide (calculated in step 7.3). The units of plasma extravasation will be OD₆₂₀/g dry weight.

6. Analyze data and express as the mean ± SEM. Statistically compare groups by t test or one-way analysis of variance and Scheffé's multiple-comparison test (lycofs01.lycoming.edu), as appropriate.

— —Written/Edited by V. Shallan【版權(quán)歸MKBio懋康所有】

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Evans Blue Stain  伊文思藍(lán)染色液

Evans Blue Stain  伊文思藍(lán)染色液